Our research with the European Observatory of Online Hate (EOOH) and written with Dare to Be Grey is now available in both Dutch and English.

We examine the role and evolution of online hate narratives during the 2025 Dutch parliamentary elections. Through our research we found that xenophobic, anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim, and anti-LGBT+ narratives were present and strategically amplified across digital platforms, including through AI-generated content and synthetic propaganda. Political actors played a significant role in driving and legitimising these narratives, enabling fringe concepts such as the “Great Replacement” and remigration to enter mainstream political discourse.

 The report concludes with recommendations to strengthen platform accountability, support civil society monitoring, promote responsible political communication, and enhance public awareness to help build a safer and more democratic online environment.

You can read the English report here.

For the Dutch language report click here.